Authors
1
School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, United Kingdom
2
School of Biological and Marine Sciences- University of Plymouth- United Kingdom.
3
Consultant at Challenging Habitat
,
Document Type : Review Paper
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) groundwater contamination is a widespread problem that causes severe environmental and health concerns. Excessive concentrations of Cd, which contaminate water, have been detected in several countries, have consequently attracted attention, and raised significant concern. The differences in Cd contamination relate not just to the source strength but also to the pathways whereby the Cd transfer to and transport within aquifers depends on its chemistry and geochemistry. Cadmium is a non-essential element for life, and it is toxic to Homo Sapiens. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified some elements, including Cd, As, Hg, and Pb, as human carcinogens based on animal, molecular, and epidemiological models. The current information on cadmium-contaminated groundwater was summarised in this review in response to this concern. The current information on cadmium-contaminated groundwater was summarised in this review in response to this concern.
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