Authors
Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, University of Anbar, Ramadi, Iraq
,
Document Type : Research Paper
Abstract
The study was carried out at the Ruminant Researches Station, Department of Livestock Research, and Section of Agricultural Research, in the district of Abu Ghraib / Baghdad. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of exogenous fibrolytic enzyme (EFE) (Safizym®- France) on the performance of local male goats. The study included two experiments: Experiment 2 (Nutritional Trail), the experiment was conducted during the period from 22 May 2017 to 17 July 2017. Eighteen males of local goats aged 4-5 months were used in this experiment. The animals were randomly assigned to three equal groups (6 animals/group). The first group (control) without enzyme, the second group (T1) treated with the EFE of 500g/ton of concentrate feed, the third group (T2) treated with the EFE of 1000g/ ton of concentrate feed. Experiment 2 (Digestion Trail), The digestion trail continued for a week during the period from 22 July 2017 until 28 July 2017. In this trail, nine local male goats were used. Three males from each group from experiment 1 were selected and submitted to the same previous treatments. The results showed no significant differences in body weight among the treatments during the duration of the experiment as well as between the weeks within the same treatment as a result of treatment with EFE of 500 g/ ton and 1000 g/ ton of concentrate feed. There were no significant effect on dry matter intake, daily weight gain and feed conversion efficiency. The results of the second experiment showed no significant effect of the treatment with EFE in the digestion coefficient of all nutrients as well as the total digestible nutrients.
- Ahmed, K. D. (2015). Effect of adding fibrolytic enzymes and yeast to the diets on digestibility and performance in Awassi lambs. Ph. D. Thesis College of Agriculture, University of Anbar.
- Al-Dairi, A. H. M. (2014). Effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and fibrolytic enzymes administration on some productive, reproductive and biochemical traits of Awassi ram lambs. Ph. D. Thesis College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad.
- Al-Rubaie, G. M. N. (2018). Effect of the use of fibrolytic enzymes in the digestion of the diet, productive and physiological performance of Turkish Awassi lactating ewes. Ph. D. Thesis College of Agriculture, University of Anbar.
- Al-Wazeer, A. A. M. (2015). Application of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes on the performance of Awassi lambs and Shami goats. Ph. D. Thesis College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad.
- Bala, P., Malik, R., and Srinivas, B. (2009). Effect of fortifying concentrate supplement with fibrolytic enzymes on nutrient utilization, milk yield and composition in lactating goats. Animal Science Journal, 80(3): 265-272.
- Beauchemin, K. A., Jones, S. D. M., Rode, L. M., and Sewalt, V. J. H. (1997). Effects of fibrolytic enzymes in corn or barley diets on performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot cattle. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 77(4): 645-653.
- Bhat, M. K., and Hazlewood, G. P. (2001). Enzymology and other characteristics of cellulases and xylanases. Enzymes in farm animal nutrition, 7, 11-13.
- Bueno, A. L., Martínez, G. D., García, P. A., García, J. A., and Pérez, F. X. (2013). Evaluation of high doses of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes in lambs fed an oat straw based ration. Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, 13(3): 355-362.
- Duncan, D. B. (1955). Multiple range and multiple F tests. biometrics, 11(1): 1-42.
- Giraldo, L. A., Tejido, M. L., Ranilla, M. J., and Carro, M. D. (2007). Effects of exogenous cellulase supplementation on microbial growth and ruminal fermentation of a high-forage diet in Rusitec fermenters. Journal of Animal Science, 85(8): 1962-1970.
- González-García, E., Caja, G., Albanell, E., Casals, R., and Such, X. (2008). In vivo digestibility and in vitro gas production of diets supplemented with fibrolytic enzymes in dairy goats. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 17(4): 530-537.
- Hussain, H. N., Khanum, S. A., Hussain, M., Shakur, A., and Latif, F. (2014). Effect of fibrolytic enzymes produced from an improved mutant of Chaetomium thermophile DG-76 on the performance of beetal-dwarf crossbred goat. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 34(3): 394-394.
- López-Aguirre, D., Hernández-Meléndez, J., Rojo, R., Sánchez-Dávila, F., López-Villalobos, N., Salem, A. F. Z., ... and Ruíz, S. (2016). Effects of exogenous enzymes and application method on nutrient intake, digestibility and growth performance of Pelibuey lambs. SpringerPlus, 5(1): 1-6.
- MAFF. (1977). Energy allowance and feeding system for ruminants. Technical bulletin 33. Ministry of agriculture, fisheries and food department of agriculture, and fisheries for Scotland.
- Meale, S. J., Beauchemin, K. A., Hristov, A. N., Chaves, A. V., and McAllister, T. A. (2014). Board-invited review: opportunities and challenges in using exogenous enzymes to improve ruminant production. Journal of animal science, 92(2): 427-442.
- Miller, D. R., Elliott, R., and Norton, B. W. (2008). Effects of an exogenous enzyme, Roxazyme® G2 Liquid, on digestion and utilisation of barley and sorghum grain-based diets by ewe lambs. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 140(1-2): 90-109.
- Morgavi, D. P., Beauchemin, K. A., Nsereko, V. L., Rode, L. M., Iwaasa, A. D., Yang, W. Z., ... and Wang, Y. (2000). Synergy between ruminal fibrolytic enzymes and enzymes from Trichoderma longibrachiatum. Journal of Dairy Science, 83(6): 1310-1321.
- Nsereko, V. L., Morgavi, D. P., Rode, L. M., Beauchemin, K. A., and McAllister, T. A. (2000). Effects of fungal enzyme preparations on hydrolysis and subsequent degradation of alfalfa hay fiber by mixed rumen microorganisms in vitro. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 88(3-4): 153-170.
- Pinos-Rodríguez, J. M., González, S. S., Mendoza, G. D., Bárcena, R., Cobos, M. A., Hernández, A., and Ortega, M. E. (2002). Effect of exogenous fibrolytic enzyme on ruminal fermentation and digestibility of alfalfa and rye-grass hay fed to lambs. Journal of Animal Science, 80(11): 3016-3020.
- Salem, A. Z. M., El-Adawy, M., Gado, H., Camacho, L. M., González-Ronquillo, M., Alsersy, H., and Borhami, B. (2011). Effects of exogenous enzymes on nutrients digestibility and growth performance in sheep and goats. Tropical and subtropical agroecosystems, 14(3): 867-874.
- SAS Institute INC. (2002). SAS/STAT User’s Guide: Version 9.1. (Cary, NC, SAS Institute, Inc).
- Song, S. D., Chen, G. J., Guo, C. H., Rao, K. Q., Gao, Y. H., Peng, Z. L., ... and Zhu, W. L. (2018). Effects of exogenous fibrolytic enzyme supplementation to diets with different NFC/NDF ratios on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility and ruminal fermentation in Chinese domesticated black goats. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 236: 170-177.
- Sujani, S. and R. T. Seresinhe. (2015). Exogenous enzymes in ruminant nutrition: A Review. Asian Journal of Animal Sciences. 9(3): 85-99.
- Wahyuni, R. D., W. Ngampongsai1, C. Wattanachant1, W. Visessanguan., and S. Boonpayung. (2012). Effects of enzyme levels in total mixed ration containing oil palm frond silage on intake, rumen fermentation, and growth performance of male goat. Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology, 34(4): 353-360.
- Wanapat, M. (2000). Rumen manipulation to increase the efficient use of local feed resources and productivity of ruminants in the tropics. Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 13: 59-67.
- Yilkal, T., and A. Getachew. (2015). Effect of exogenous enzymes on ruminal degradation of feed and animal performance: A review. Advances in life Science and Technology. 28: 60-69.