ASTUDY THE THREE ORGANIC ACIDS AND THE FUNGUS Trichoderma spp ON THE GROWTH AND PATHOGENESIS OF Alternaria spp AND ON STIMULATING TOMATO PLANT RESISTANCE AGAINST IT
ANBAR JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,
2021, Volume 19, Issue 2, Pages 256-268
10.32649/ajas.2021.175998
Abstract
The present study has investigated the activity of three organic acids (Benzoic, Salicylic and Oxalic and the effect of Trichoderma spp activity and its filtrate on the growth of Alternaria spp. And its role in stimulating the resistance of tomato plant against infection with /(treatment procedure) inoculating with fungi sprouts at 5 ×10³ concentration as the filtrate of Trichoderma spp. In a 10-day incubation period showed high inhibitory efficiency for the colony growth diameters of Alternaria spp. In vitro, after 7 days, an average was 21.67 mm compared to the control treatment that gave an average diameter of 50 mm. Trichoderma spp. Also gave a high inhibitory ability against the fungus Alternaria spp. The antagonistic experiment reached 22. 84% also gave organic acids (benzoic, salicylic and oxalic) a high inhibition against Alternaria spp. It reached 100% in laboratory media for 7 days at a concentration of 9 ml of benzoic acid and a concentration of 12 ml of each of salicylic and oxalic. The results of spraying plants showed an increase in the severity of infection as an indication of an increase. The number and area of spots in the control treatment that included inoculating tomato plants with Alternaria spp. To 3.14 spots/leaf per number and 7.69 mm² per area, while it reached when the treatment was sprayed with organic acids and the filtrate of Trichoderma spp. Before inoculation with Alternaria spp. The average number of spots was (0.96, 1.00 and 1.27). And 0.50) spot / sheet and area rate.
Keywords:
Main Subjects:
- Abdullah, Z. K., A. Al-Duboon., B. A. Abbas., and T. M. Muhsin. (2013). A study on the Enzymatic Activity of some Alternaria Species and the Effect of some Environmental Factors in their Radial Growth. Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 26(1): 263-274.
- Alka., R. K. Patil., and B. K. Prajapati. (2017). Effect of Trichoderma Spp. and its culture filtrate antagonists on growth and management of Rhizopus rot of tomato fruit in vitro and in vivo. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 6(4): 394-398.
- Al-Saeedi, S. S. S. (2004). Stimulating resistannce in the tomato plant Lycopersicon escculentum Mill against infection with the Tomato Msaic Virus by plant extracts. PhD thesis. College of Science. Al-Mustansiriya University.
- Báez-Flores, M. E., Troncoso-Rojas, R., Osuna, M. A. I., Domínguez, M. R., Pryor, B., and Tiznado-Hernández, M. E. (2011). Differentially expressed cDNAs in Alternaria alternata treated with 2-propenyl isothiocyanate. Microbiological research, 166(7): 566-577.
- Christie, T. (1965). The effects of some phenolic compounds upon the growth of two species of Phytophthora. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 8(3): 630-635.
- Choudhary, D. K., Prakash, A., and Johri, B. N. (2007). Induced systemic resistance (ISR) in plants: mechanism of action. Indian Journal of Microbiology, 47(4): 289-297.
- El-Katatny, M. H., and Emam, A. S. (2012). Control of postharvest tomato rot by spore suspension and antifungal metabolites of Trichoderma harzianum. Journal of microbiology, biotechnology and food sciences, 1(6): 1505-1528.
- Harman, G. E., Howell, C. R., Viterbo, A., Chet, I., and Lorito, M. (2004). Trichoderma species opportunistic, avirulent plant symbionts. Nature reviews microbiology, 2(1): 43-56.
- Jayalakshmi., S. K., Raju. S., Usha. R. S., Benagi. V., and Sreeramulu. K. (2009). Trichoderma harzianum L1 as a potential source for lytic enzymes and elicitor of defense responses in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) against wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri., Australian Journal of Crop Science, 3(1):44-52.
- Johnston, A., and Booth. C. (1983). Plant pathologist's pocketbook. Commonwelth Mycological Institute. 2nd . ed. Pp. 439.
- Kakraliya, S. S. Choskit, D. Pandit, D., and Abro, S. (2017). Effect of Bio-Agents, Neem Leaf Extract and Fungicides Against Alternaria Leaf Blight of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Natural Products Chemistry and Research, 5: 295.
- Kayim, M., Yones. A. M., and Endes, A. (2018). Biocontrol of Alternaria alternata causing leaf spot disease on faba bean (Vicia faba L.) using some Trichoderma harzianum ısolates under in vitro condition, Research Article, Araştırma Makalesi, 22(2): 169-178.
- Kumar, T. R., and Praveen, K. M. (2019). Survey and Screening of Tomato Varieties against Early Blight (Alternaria solani) Under Field Condition, International journal of pure and applied bioscience, 7 (2): 629-635.
- Leal, Y. D., Pozo-Martínez L., and Martínez-Coca B. (2018). In vitro antagonism of Trichoderma asperellum Samuels, Lieckfeldt and Nirenberg, against Fusarium spp. Isolates. Revista de Protección Vegetal, 33(1).
- Mamgain, A., Roychowdhury, R., and Tah, J. (2013). Alternaria pathogenicity and its strategic controls. Research Journal of Biology, 1: 1-9.
- Otadoh, J. A., Okoth, S. A., Ochanda, J., and Kahindi, J. P. (2011). Assessment of Trichoderma isolates for virulence efficacy on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli. Tropical and subtropical agroecosystems, 13(1): 99-107.
- Shabana, Y. M., Abdel-Fattah, G. M., Ismail, A. E., and Rashad, Y. M. (2008). Control of brown spot pathogen of rice (Bipolaris oryzae) using some phenolic antioxidants. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 39: 438-444.
- Thomma, B. P. (2003). Alternaria spp.: from general saprophyte to specific parasite. Molecular plant pathology, 4(4): 225-236.
- Vinale, F., Sivasithamparam, K., Ghisalberti, E. L., Marra, R., Woo, S. L., and Lorito, M. (2008). Trichoderma–plant–pathogen interactions. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 40(1): 1-10.
- Article View: 5
- PDF Download: 0