41 DETECTION OF THE SOME HEAVY METALS RESIDUES IN THE LOCAL BULLS TISSUES IN KIRKUK DURING THE WINTER AND SUMMER SEASONS

Cite as : Alperkhdri, A. A., Abdullah, M. I., & Khidhir, Z. Kh. (2018). Detection of the Some Heavy Metals Residues in the Local Bulls Tissues in Kirkuk during the winter and Summer Seasons. Anbar Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 16(1), 14-24. For the purpose of investigating the levels of some heavy contamination metals in muscle, liver and kidney meat for Cattle in Kirkuk governorate in winter and summer seasons, samples were collected randomly from males (aged 16-18 months) from three districts of Kirkuk governorate (Downtown, Daquq and Debs) During the December and February (winter season) and July and August months of (summer season). There was a significant effect (p≤0.05) on the factors (meat type, location and season) in the concentration of lead, Kidney meat in the Downtown in the winter season recorded the highest concentration of lead and significant difference (6.678 ppm) The lowest concentration (0.881 ppm) was found in Liver in Winter. The highest concentration level of cadmium in muscle in summer season from Downtown (3.336 ppm), and lowers Concentration of cadmium (2.106 ppm) recorded in kidney from Daquq in summer season. The concentration of zinc in the Liver at the Downtown in the summer season was the highest concentration (140.052 ppm), while the Kidney in the winter season from Downtown recorded the lowest concentration (30.54 ppm). For Copper the liver in the Downtown in the winter season had the highest concentration (24.520 ppm), while the Liver from the Downtown at summer was recorded lowest concentration (2.383 ppm). For Cobalt, in winter season in Kirkuk, the Muscle recorded the highest concentration of cobalt (7.344 ppm), while the lowest concentration was recorded in Kidney the Winter season from Downtown (1.062 ppm). All types of metals recorded levels higher than the internationally accepted limits.

For the purpose of investigating the levels of some heavy contamination metals in muscle, liver and kidney meat for Cattle in Kirkuk governorate in winter and summer seasons, samples were collected randomly from males (aged 16-18 months) from three districts of Kirkuk governorate (Downtown, Daquq and Debs) During the December and February (winter season) and July and August months of (summer season).There was a significant effect (p≤0.05) on the factors (meat type, location and season) in the concentration of lead, Kidney meat in the Downtown in the winter season recorded the highest concentration of lead and significant difference (6.678 ppm) The lowest concentration (0.881 ppm) was found in Liver in Winter.The highest concentration level of cadmium in muscle in summer season from Downtown (3.336 ppm), and lowers Concentration of cadmium (2.106 ppm) recorded in kidney from Daquq in summer season.The concentration of zinc in the Liver at the Downtown in the summer season was the highest concentration (140.052ppm), while the Kidney in the winter season from Downtown recorded the lowest concentration (30.54 ppm).For Copper the liver in the Downtown in the winter season had the highest concentration (24.520 ppm), while the Liver from the Downtown at summer was recorded lowest concentration (2.383 ppm).For Cobalt, in winter season in Kirkuk, the Muscle recorded the highest concentration of cobalt (7.344 ppm), while the lowest concentration was recorded in Kidney the Winter season from Downtown (1.062 ppm).All types of metals recorded levels higher than the internationally accepted limits.

Introduction
Meat and meat product form are an important part of human diet as well as an important of a wide range of nutrient, but they may also carry certain toxic substance.Also the level of these toxic substance in muscle is general low, offal, such as liver and kidney, showed higher concentration of toxic substance than most other food (21) Toxic metal is defined as that metal, which is neither essential nor has beneficial effect, on the contrary, it displays severe toxicological symptoms at low levels.With increasing industrialization, more and more metals are entering into the environment.These metals stay permanently because they cannot be degraded from the environment.They pass into the food and from food they ultimately make their passage into the tissue (7).Also passes by animal drugs in recent years, there has been increasing interest in determining the concentration levels of heavy metals in various food products (14) Foodstuffs grown on contaminated soil or irrigated with impure water accumulate metal contents and are a big source of heavy metals exposure to the animals and humans (24).Land applications of sewage mire and sewage water gradually increase the toxic concentration of heavy metals in soil and these are increasingly up taken by the plants and vegetables and afterwards relocate into the food chain causing severe damage to both animals and human health (10).Heavy metals often have direct physiologically toxic effects and are stored or incorporated in living tissues, sometimes permanently (8).Heavy metal contamination in meat and other edible tissues is a matter of great concern for food safety and human health.These metals are toxic in nature and even at relatively low concentrations can cause adverse effects (21).Different researchers have reported the instances of contamination of heavy metals in meat products during processing (9 and 21).While the feeding of cattle on the contaminated feed and rearing of livestock in proximity to polluted surroundings were found to be responsible for heavy metal pollution in meat (13, 20 and 17).This study was conducted for the purpose of investigating the levels of contamination of muscle, liver and kidney meat for Bulls in Kirkuk during the summer and winter seasons.

Source of meat
In this study, adopted the muscles, liver and kidneys of the Bulls and the male species , All animals were Iraqi and local species, The animals, which are replete from pasture, are from three districts of Kirkuk locations, which include Downtown, Dubs and Daquq .During the two seasons January 15, and February 15, and the summer of July 15 and August 15, 2017.

Collection of samples
The samples were collected from Bulls aged 16-18 months.Meat samples (muscles and organs) were used and three replicates were randomly selected from three areas of Kirkuk (downtown, Dubs and Daquq) during December and February Winter) and July and August (summer season), the leg muscle was meat muscle samples which used for studay, while the Internal organs samples consisted of liver and kidneys.After the slaughter of animals the samples were left and pending from the seventh hour in the place of sale until 12 clocks.Samples were taken from animals studied from the leg muscle in all areas and all animals, and the samlpes were then put in polyethylene bags and then placed in special packages and boxes Refrigerated for this purpose until it reaches the laboratory.The meat and kidney samples were cut into medium pieces by a knife and then encased by a thermocouple machine.A sieve was used with a diameter of 0.45.These models were then placed in polythene bags and then placed in special plastic containers prepared for this presentation and numbered.The samples of the liver were cut into pieces and then placed in plastic bags and then in plastic containers for this purpose.After that, all samples were placed in frozen temperature (-18 ° C) until chemical tests were conducted and tests were conducted to measure the ratio of heavy elements.During a single season, a total of 270 meat and organ samples were collected from Bulls.

Determination of heavy elements:
The heavy metals concentrations were determined by method as described by (19).

Statistical analysis:
The complete random design (CRD) was applied to study the effect of meat type, season of the year and location in different traits.According to the mathematical model below, the differences between the averages were compared with the Duncan Multidimensional Test.Xlstat program was used in statistical analysis

Yijklm = m + Ai + Bj + Ck + CD (kl) + ABC (ijk) + e ijklm
As: Yijklm: View values for each attribute.M: General average Effect of meat type (muscles, liver and kidney) (Ai) Bj: Effect of season (winter and summer) Effect of location (Downtown, Daquq and Dubs) (Ck) ABC (ijk): Effect of interaction between meat, season and location.e ijklm: random error which distributes a normal distribution with a mean of zero and a variation of S2e.

Results and Discussion
Table 1 showed a significant effect (p≤0.05) on the effect of the tripartite interaction of the factors (type of meat, location and season) at the level of lead concentration in meat, liver and kidney meat samples in Bulls in three locations of Kirkuk areas during the winter and summer seasons, In the winter season, the Kidney recorded the highest concentration of lead in the Downtown with a significant difference (p≤0.05) , reaching (6.678 ppm), whereas in the winter season the liver recorded the lowest level of concentration (0.881 ppm).Table 1 shows difference significant (p≤0.05) between the areas in the effect of the site at the level of lead concentration of the above factors mentioned, the Downtown recorded the highest concentration of lead element (4.434 ppm) and the lowest level of concentration of the record in the area of Dubs was (1.698 ppm).When comparing the effect of regions by type of meat, muscle meat was recorded in the Downtown the highest concentration (4.434 ppm) and the Dubs area recorded the lowest concentration (1.698 ppm).The region of Kirkuk was the highest concentration (4.223 ppm) and the lowest concentration was recorded in the region of Daquq (2.274 ppm), while in the Kidney in the Downtown has recorded the highest concentration (3.94 ppm) and less record concentration in the Dubs area reached (2.796 ppm).Table 1 showed a significant effect (p≤0.05) for the winter season on the summer season at the level of concentration of the lead element when studying the effect of the season on lead contamination.The winter season recorded the highest results than the summer season in the kidney where the concentration of lead was (3.946ppm) the lowest concentration of a record in the summer season in the kidney also to (1.975 ppm).When comparing the effect of the season to the type of meat, the winter season recorded the highest concentration of lead compared to the summer season in muscle, liver and kidney meat.As for the type of meat, it was showed from Table 1 that there was a significant difference (p≤0.05) between the liver and both kidney and muscle and no significant differences (p≤0.05) between muscle and kidney meat at the level of lead concentration, The liver recorded the highest concentration of lead, which reached (3.248 ppm), while muscle meat scored the lowest concentration (2.841 ppm).The averages with identical letters are not significantly different (P> 0.05) between them.
Table 2 showed significant effect (p≤0.05) of the location on the cadmium concentration between the regions, the Downtown recorded the highest concentration of cadmium (3.036 ppm) and the lowest concentration of the element was recorded in the Daquq (2.170 ppm).When we compare the effect of regions by type of meat, we found that muscle meat in the Downtown has recorded the highest concentration and the Daquq recorded lowest concentration of cadmium was (3..36 , 2.432 ppm ) Respectively, in the liver the Downtown record the highest level of concentration and the Daquq record lowest level (2.878, 2.667 ppm) respectively in the kidney of Downtown has recorded the highest concentration area Daquq lowest level reached (2.910, 2.170 ppm), respectively.Table 2 showed significant effect (p≤0.05) of season on the cadmium concentration, The summer season showed a higher concentration from winter at the level of pollution, where the summer recorded the highest concentration in the liver and recorded (3.036 ppm) The lowest winter concentration in the kidney was recorded (2.388 ppm), and when compared to the meat season, the summer recorded the highest concentration of cadmium compared to winter in muscle, liver and kidney meat.There were significant in the type of meat in muscle, liver and kidney as shown in table 2. The liver recorded the highest results, with cadmium concentration (2.758 ppm) and the lowest concentration recorded in the kidney, where the concentration of cadmium (2.528 ppm) whiles the leg muscle meat (2.678 ppm).3 showed the effect of interaction of meat, location and season of zinc concentration in both muscle, liver and kidney in Bulls in three location of Kirkuk areas (Daquq, Downtown and Dubs) during winter and summer, the Downtown in the summer recorded the highest concentration and significant effect (P≤0.05) from the other factors of the study, as recorded (140.052ppm), while the kidney recorded in the Downtown in winter the lowest concentration (30.540 ppm).Table 3 showed effects (P≤0.05) of location between all regions in both liver and kidney, and there were no significant effects (P> 0.05) in the kidney between the Dubs and the Downtown, The concentration of zinc in the Downtown was the highest concentration at (102.410 ppm) and the lowest concentration was recorded in the kidney in the Dibs (46.900 ppm).When comparing the effect of location by type of meat, the Downtown has the highest concentration (84.618 ppm), while the Daquq has the lowest concentration (55.728 ppm).For the liver, the highest concentration of zinc was recorded in the Downtown where the concentration was (102.41 ppm) and the lowest concentration of a record in the Dubs (46.900 ppm).Table 3 showed the effect of the season on the concentration of zinc.The summer recorded a higher concentration than winter.There were significant effects (P≤0.05) between them.Summer recorded the highest concentration in the liver It recorded (105.891ppm), The winter record concentration in the kidney was also recorded (38.541 ppm).When comparing the effect of the season to the type of meat, the summer recorded the highest concentration of zinc from the winter in muscle, liver and kidney meat.Table 3 shows the effect of the type of meat on the zinc element.There were significant effects (P≤0.05) between muscle, liver and kidney meat.The liver recorded the highest concentrations (83.928 ppm) and lowers concentration recorded in the kidney (50.865 ppm) while recording in muscle (70.401 ppm).The averages with identical letters are not significantly different (P> 0.05) between them Table 4 shows the effect of interaction of type meat, location and season at the copper concentration.Showed significant effect (P≤0.05) of the location, season and type of meat was found in the concentration of copper.The highest concentration of copper in the liver was found in Downtown in the winter (24.520 ppm), while the lowest concentration of copper in the liver was recorded in the summer in Daquq (2.383 ppm).
Table (4) showed the effect of the location on the level of contamination of the copper element.It was found that there were significant effects (P≤0.05) between the Downtown and the both Dubs and Daquq and no significant effects (P> 0.05) between both Daquq and Dubs in all types of meat (muscle, liver and kidney), The concentration of copper in the Downtown reached the highest level (13.451 ppm) and the lowest level of concentration was recorded in Dubs (5.231 ppm) in the liver.In comparison the effect of location on as the type of meat the Downtown in the meat recorded the highest concentration (7.845 ppm) and the lowest area of Daquq (5.231 ppm), while the liver The concentration of copper in the Downtown was the highest and the lowest concentration was Daquq (13.451, 5.321 ppm) respectively.The kidney the highest concentration was in the Downtown and lowest concentration in Dubs as (8.160, 5.231 ppm) respectively.As for the effect of the season on the level of copper concentration, table 4 showed the superiority of the winter on the summer and the significant effects (P≤0.05),where the winter recorded the highest concentration in the liver was (12.292 ppm) the summer in the liver also reached (4.807 ppm).When comparing the effect of season to the type of meat, the winter recorded the highest concentration of c0pper than the summer in muscle, liver and kidney meat.Table 4, shows the effect of the type of meat at the concentration level of the copper element.There were significant effects(P≤0.05)between the liver and both muscle and kidney, and no significant (P> 0.05) between muscle and kidney, The liver had the highest concentration with copper concentration (8.549 ppm) and the lowest concentration recorded in muscle (6.496 ppm), while the kidney was (6.656 ppm.The averages with identical letters are not significantly different (P> 0.05) between them The results of Table 5 showed the effect of the interaction of type meat, location and season in the cobalt concentration of Bulls in three locations of Kirkuk areas during the winter and summer.The muscle at the Downtown in the summer recorded the highest concentration (7.344 ppm) and significant effects (P≤0.05) when compared with the other facter the meat, season and locations, while the kidney recorded the lowest concentration (1.062 ppm) in the Downtown.Table 5 shows a significant effects (P≤0.05) for some location without the anther areas in the concentration of the cobalt, where the Downtown and recorded the highest concentration and significant effects (P≤0.05)(4.382 ppm) and the Daquq recorded the lowest concentration (1.689 ppm).When comparing between types of meat, there were significant effects (P≤0.05) between location of muscle meat, and significant effects (P≤0.05) were found between Daquq and Kirkuk and Dubs in relation to the liver.There were significant effects (P≤0.05) between And the Downtown and there were no significant differences (P> 0.05) between the Dubs and each of the Downtown and Daquq, muscle meat was recorded in the Downtown the highest concentration (4.203 ppm) and the Daquq lowest concentration (1.689 ppm), in the liver the Downtown recorded highest concentration (4.346 ppm), while the concentration of the element in the Daquq was the lowest concentration (1.923 ppm), As for the kidney was the highest level of concentration of cobalt in the Downtown (3.730 ppm) and the lowest level was in the Daquq (3.136 ppm).Table 5 shows the effect of the season in the concentration of cobalt.The results showed the summer was superior to the winter.There were significant effects (P≤0.05).The summer recorded the highest concentration in the liver (3.956 ppm)>And the lowest concentration level in winter Record in muscle (2.498 ppm).When comparing the effect of the season for the type of meat, the summer recorded the highest concentration than the winter in muscle, liver and kidney meat.The results from the Table 5 showed the effect of type of meat in the concentration of cobalt, where significant effects (P≤0.05) between meat, liver, and kidney.The liver had the highest concentration of (3.542 ppm) and the lowest concentration was recorded in muscle (3.063 ppm) while the kidney recorded (3.473 ppm).The reason for high concentration of all heavy metals may be that the source of drinking water in Kirkuk, by the Zab river and water wells contaminated with heavy metals and also not suitable for drinking and for agriculture as well as also for drinking animals, where the concentration of heavy elements in this water is higher than the permissible limits and the lead was concentration in water of the Lower Zab River and water (2.39, 2.61 μg / L) respectively, and the cobalt concentration was recorded (2.38, 2.8 μg / L) (23).Also the reason may be that the province of Kirkuk suffers pollution but in different degrees and from different sources due to the existence of different factories and petrochemical plants (cement, North Oil Company and North Gas Company), pollutants emitted from them, vehicle exhausts and residues directly from residential in addition to chemical fertilizers and various pesticides added (89.8, 13.9, 12.1, 335.2 ppm) and were higher than the average (18).Also (4) show the concentration of cadmium, lead and zinc is high reached (3.55, 433, 186 ppm) in soil of Kirkuk.
The increase in the level of pollution in the soil of Kirkuk effects on the level of concentration of the element in animal meat through its impact on the soil, plants and environment of the location, it was noted in the soil of Kirkuk high level of contamination with the copper (42 ppm) (15).The reason is that there are large numbers of people, large and small markets, streets, shops selling animal products The absence of a sewage system, the absence of a building plan, and the large number of oil and gas fields all have polluted the Kirkuk environment (11).The results are consistent with (5) which found significant effect of location, season and type of meat in the concentration of heavy elements.For the effect of type of meat, the liver was higher than the muscles for lead, zinc, copper and cadmium as our results, the effect of the location, there were significant differences between location as we are recorded in our results.Also the season effect significantly on concentration of heavy metals, which most heavy metals in Summer than Winter.The results of this study are consistent with those of (12) in the contamination of minerals in animal meat cattle in Egypt (Beni Suef), where the concentration of lead and copper in the liver was higher than the muscles and kidneys (3.135, 3.99, 76. 109.81,1.77and 0.79 ppm) respectively.The result agree and correspond with (2) which showed that a significant effect of location when they study the concentration of heavy metals in beef meat on the Haretha and 5 Miles in Basra.The study coincided with (17) in the effect of the location on the level of copper concentration in calves in the industrial and rural areas of northern Spain which was recorded (3.35, 2.66 ppm) respectively.The results were consistent with (6), which showed that the concentration of lead in the liver of cows slaughtered in Mosul was higher than kidneys and muscles, (0.472, 0.398, 0.071 ppm) respectively.The results also consistent with (22) which found that the liver had the highest concentration of copper than kidney and the muscles were (36.88, 8.66, 4.14 ppm) respectively.The results in agree with (17) that the higher of mean zinc concentration recorded in muscles than liver and kidney in Spanish cattle muscles (38.5, 23.00 and 47.00 ppm) respectively.The results agree with (1) that the industrial areas of Cairo were the concentration of the lead element higher than the center of Cairo and the other areas of the city.The results of the study are not consistent with (16) in their study of the concentration of heavy metals (cobalt) in cattle liver in Nigeria where it was (0.01 ppm) and is within the limits allowed globally.The results are not consistent with (3) in the concentration of heavy metals in liver and cattle in the Sulaymaniyah imported from Iran that, the concentration of cobalt and zinc (0.0345 and 6,489 ppm) respectively is within the limits allowed globally.All the meat sample exceed the limited value of heavy metals