Abstract
In this research, the study has five Genera of the Caryophyllaceous family in the western desert province in Iraq, compared to the systematic study and comprehensive for this species follow them. In this research has provided comparative study of all phenotypic traits, it was studied the change characteristics of roots, stems, leaves and parts of flowering and fruiting for all species, The species Vaccaria hispanica was the highest species rise Where the average height of 30.4 cm as the rate of root length of 8 cm the, Basal leaves was characterized by being the longest compared to other species, It was at 49.6 mm length rate. In addition, the case for Cauline lerves where 49 mm in the length rate. These qualities were also discussed and identified systematic significance and role in the isolation of the species, the reproductive organs has been ranked first and then members of vegetative came second in terms of importance systematic, The Androecium in species Vaccaria hispanica was characterized in the biggest being the larger and most obvious Where the dimensions of the filament rate was 0.5 x 5.6 mm and the dimensions of anther 0.7 x 1.5 mm. In addition, the case for the Gynoecium in species Vaccaria hispanica was biggest his deportation rate 3.76 x 4.75 mm, some schemes have been painted and illustrations as well as photographs of laboratory and field. And all fixed details been employed to isolate species, where pollen was ranked first in recruitment of fixed details by being with several different slots (polyporate) prepared and characteristics in terms of dimensions and forms the covers, as well as the existence of the grooves (colpates) in the other species.
Where the study has some of the anatomical characteristics of species, including anatomical characteristics sections of leaves and stems, and these sections contributed effectively and supporting the study of morphological, and special qualities of the medium fabric and nature, and the number of classes, and the nature of the vascular bundles, and components of the wood and bark, which divided the species into groups depending on the variation in qualities, where isolated species leaves bilateral (Bifacial) Back abdominal (Dorsiventral)) and unilateral facial face.
Interested in current research studying the environment and geographical distribution of the species in the province, in this research was described environments in which species are spread widely, with painted maps showing the distribution of species. It was found that the species Spergularia marina is the most prevalent species and invasion of the different environments, and most infrequent presence is a type Vaccaria hispamia, and general condition of types is that they are the same ups and wide average or sometimes from spreading. This research has explained how it is treated species systematically through a comprehensive classification key to separate species status, has been described species and accurate description and detailed, with mention names synonymous with her, as well as a reference to some samples preserved in some Iraqi lawns. The current study was able to identify six plant species back to five genera of the Caryophyllaceae family spread in the western desert province of Iraq , these :
Loeflingia hispanica L., Paronychia arabica (L.) DC., Sclerocephalus arabicus Boiss., Spergularia diandra (Guss.) Helder et Sart., Spergularia marina (L.) Griseb., Vaccaria hispanica (Miller) Rauschert
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