Authors
1
Anbar Provincial Council
2
Coll. of Agri., Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq
,
Document Type : Research Paper
Abstract
This study was conducted at Al-Nahrain University- Biotechnology Research Center, from February 2020 to March 2020 on Albino rats that ranged in age 2- 3 month with weights 200-250 g. 42 rats were used and distributed into seven groups, each of which included 6 animals. aimed to study the effect of diabetes (induced by alloxan) on acid-base homeostasis and serum electrolytes level for experimental rat in addition to the role of adding potassium supplement celery plant extract and pomegranate juice to the diet in preventing the physiological disorders. Alkali proposed to help prevent the development and treatment of high blood acid and body fluids. Different treatments led to positive effects on the level of the concentration of glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate, electrolytes and serum Ph.
- Aksu, D. S., Sağlam, Y. S., Yildirim, S., and Aksu, T. (2017). Effect of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) juice on kidney, liver, heart and testis histopathological changes, and the tissues lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in lead acetate-treated rats. Cellular and molecular biology, 63(10): 33-42.
- Adeva, M. M., and Souto, G. (2011). Diet-induced metabolic acidosis. Clinical nutrition, 30(4): 416-421.
- Adrogué, H. J., and Madias, N. E. (2007). Sodium and potassium in the pathogenesis of hypertension. New England Journal of Medicine, 356(19): 1966-1978.
- Ahima, R. S. (2008). Revisiting leptin’s role in obesity and weight loss. The Journal of clinical investigation, 118(7): 2380-2383.
- Ahmed, M. M., Samir, E. S. A., El-Shehawi, A. M., and Alkafafy, M. E. (2015). Anti-obesity effects of Taif and Egyptian pomegranates: Molecular study. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry, 79(4): 598-609.
- Ahn, C., Kang, J. H., and Jeung, E. B. (2017). Calcium homeostasis in diabetes mellitus. Journal of veterinary science, 18(3): 261-266.
- Ali, I. (2018). Comparative Evaluation of Diuretic Activity of Ethanolic Extracts of (Celery) Apium graveolens and (Parsley) Petroselinum crispum in Male Rats. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine,Alqasim Green University, Iraq.
- Al-Sa'aidi, J. A., and Al-shihmani, B. A. (2013). Anti-hyperglycaemic and pancreatic regenerative effect of n-butanol extract of celery (Apium graveolens) seed in STZ-induced diabetic male rats. Research in Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 4: 24-29.
- Ambrose, D. C., Manickavasagan, A., and Naik, R. (Eds.). (2016). Leafy Medicinal Herbs: Botany, Chemistry, Postharvest Technology and Uses. CABI.
- Aoi, W., Zou, X., Xiao, J. B., and Marunaka, Y. (2019). Body Fluid pH Balance in Metabolic Health and Possible Benefits of Dietary Alkaline Foods. eFood.
- Arrak, J. K. (2010). Effect of Ellagic Acid Extracted from Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) on Thyroid and Parathyroid Gland of Adult Rats Exposed to Lead Acetate. Kufa Journal For Veterinary Medical Sciences, 1(1): 39-51.
- Banihani, S. A., Makahleh, S. M., El-Akawi, Z., Al-Fashtaki, R. A., Khabour, O. F., Gharibeh, M. Y., ... and Al-Khasieb, N. J. (2014). Fresh pomegranate juice ameliorates insulin resistance, enhances β-cell function, and decreases fasting serum glucose in type 2 diabetic patients. Nutrition research, 34(10): 862-867.
- Banihani, S. A., Shuaibu, S. M., Al-Husein, B. A., and Makahleh, S. S. (2019). Fresh pomegranate juice decreases fasting serum erythropoietin in patients with type 2 diabetes. International journal of food science, 2019.
- Banihani, S., Swedan, S., and Alguraan, Z. (2013). Pomegranate and type 2 diabetes. Nutrition research, 33(5): 341-348.
- Bhattacharjee, G. B., Dagar, G., and Khurana, S. M. (2017). Base-rich Diet Best for Humans.
- Bradley, P. R. (1992). British Herbal Compendium, Vol. 1. BHMA, Bournemouth.
- Bustamante, M., Hasler, U., Kotova, O., Chibalin, A. V., Mordasini, D., Rousselot, M., ... and Féraille, E. (2005). Insulin potentiates AVP-induced AQP2 expression in cultured renal collecting duct principal cells. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology, 288(2): F334-F344.
- Carnauba, R. A., Baptistella, A. B., Paschoal, V., and Hübscher, G. H. (2017). Diet-Induced low-grade metabolic acidosis and clinical outcomes: A review. Nutrients, 9(6): 538.
- Chiasson, J. L., Aris-Jilwan, N., Bélanger, R., Bertrand, S., Beauregard, H., Ékoé, J. M., ... and Havrankova, J. (2003). Diagnosis and treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis and the hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 168(7): 859-866.
- Dhinesh, K. V., and Ramasamy, D. (2016). Pomegranate processing and value Addition: Review. Journal of Food Processing and Technology, 7(3): 565-566.
21. DuBose, T. D. (2008). Disorders of acid-base balance. The Kidney, 9: 611-30.
- Ekmekcioglu, C., Elmadfa, I., Meyer, A. L., and Moeslinger, T. (2016). The role of dietary potassium in hypertension and diabetes. Journal of physiology and biochemistry, 72(1): 93-106.
- Evans, K. J., and Greenberg, A. (2005). Hyperkalemia: a review. Journal of Intensive Care Medicine, 20(5): 272-290.
- Fazal, S. S., and Singla, R. K. (2012). Review on the pharmacognostical and pharmacological characterization of Apium graveolens Linn. Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2(1): 36-42.
- Fischer, U. A., Carle, R., and Kammerer, D. R. (2011). Identification and quantification of phenolic compounds from pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel, mesocarp, aril and differently produced juices by HPLC-DAD–ESI/MSn. Food chemistry, 127(2): 807-821.
- Frassetto, L. A., Morris Jr, R. C., and Sebastian, A. (2007). Dietary sodium chloride intake independently predicts the degree of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis in healthy humans consuming a net acid-producing diet. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology, 293(2): F521-F525.
- Gauthier, P. M., and Szerlip, H. M. (2002). Metabolic acidosis in the intensive care unit. Critical care clinics, 18(2): 289-308.
- Gutierrez, R. M. P., Juarez, V. A., Sauceda, J. V., and Sosa, I. A. (2014). In vitro and in vivo antidiabetic and antiglycation properties of apium graveolens in type 1 and 2 diabetic rats. International Journal of Pharmacology, 10(7): 368-379.
- Guyton, A.C.; Hall, J.E. (2011) Brasil, Regulação acidobásica. In Tratado de Fisiologia Médica, 12th ed.; Guyton, A.C., Hall, J.E., Eds.; Elsevier: Rio de Janeiro; ISBN 978-85-352-3735-1.
- Hardani, A., Afzalzadeh, M. R., Amirzargar, A., Mansouri, E., and Meamar, Z. (2015). Effects of aqueous extract of celery (Apium graveolens L.) leaves on spermatogenesis in healthy male rats. Avicenna journal of phytomedicine, 5(2): 113.
- Hämäläinen, M. M. (1994). Bone repair in calcium-deficient rats: comparison of xylitol+ calcium carbonate with calcium carbonate, calcium lactate and calcium citrate on the repletion of calcium. The Journal of nutrition, 124(6): 874-881.
- Hamm, L. L., Nakhoul, N., and Hering-Smith, K. S. (2015). Acid-base homeostasis. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 10(12): 2232-2242.
- Houseknecht, K. L., Cole, B. M., and Steele, P. J. (2002). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and its ligands: a review. Domestic animal endocrinology, 22(1): 1-23.
- Ishaq, H., Furqan, M., Sheikh, D., Raza, M. L., Naqvi, B. S., and Mehmood, T. (2016). Comparative study of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of apium graveolens l. root with furosemide for its diuretic activity and excretion of urinary metabolites in wistar rats. Science International, 28(3).
- Kitabchi, A. E., Umpierrez, G. E., Miles, J. M., and Fisher, J. N. (2009). Hyperglycemic crises in adult patients with diabetes. Diabetes care, 32(7): 1335-1343.
- Kooti, W., and Daraei, N. (2017). A review of the antioxidant activity of celery (Apium graveolens L). Journal of evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine, 22(4): 1029-1034.
- Kraut, J. A., and Madias, N. E. (2010). Metabolic acidosis: pathophysiology, diagnosis and management. Nature Reviews Nephrology, 6(5): 274.
- Krieger, N. S., Asplin, J. R., Frick, K. K., Granja, I., Culbertson, C. D., Ng, A., ... and Bushinsky, D. A. (2015). Effect of potassium citrate on calcium phosphate stones in a model of hypercalciuria. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 26(12): 3001-3008.
- Liamis, G., Liberopoulos, E., Barkas, F., and Elisaf, M. (2014). Diabetes mellitus and electrolyte disorders. World Journal of Clinical Cases: WJCC, 2(10): 488-496.
- Liamis, G., Milionis, H. J., and Elisaf, M. (2009). A review of drug-induced hypocalcemia. Journal of bone and mineral metabolism, 27(6): 635-642.
- Liamis, G., Tsimihodimos, V., and Elisaf, M. (2015). Hyponatremia in diabetes mellitus: clues to diagnosis and treatment. J Diabetes Metab, 6(5): 559-61.
- Morehouse, L. A., Bangerter, F. W., DeNinno, M. P., Inskeep, P. B., McCarthy, P. A., Pettini, J. L., ... and Woody, H. A. (1999). Comparison of synthetic saponin cholesterol absorption inhibitors in rabbits: evidence for a non-stoichiometric, intestinal mechanism of action. Journal of lipid research, 40(3): 464-474.
- Mustafa, H. A., and AbdElrahman, N. H. (2015). Effect of punicagranatum juice on lipid profile of hypercholesterolemic albino rats. EC Ophthalmology, 2: 178-184.
- Nehal, M., and Belal, A. (2011). Hepatoprotective effect of feeding celery leaves mixed with Chicory leaves and Barley Grains to hypercholesterolemic rats. Asian J Clin Nutrition, 3: 14-24.
- Newman, R., Lansky, E., and Block, M. (2011). A wealth of phtochemicals. Pomegranate: The Most Medicinal Fruit (Large Print 16pt). Sydney, Australia: Readhowyouwant, 184.
- Nimenibo-Uadia, R. (2003). Effect of aqueous extract of Canavalia ensiformis seeds on hyperlipidaemia and hyperketonaemia in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Biokemistri, 15(1): 7-15.
- Palmer, B. F. (2015). Regulation of potassium homeostasis. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 10(6): 1050-1060.
- Park, Y. M., Kwock, C. K., Park, S., Eicher-Miller, H. A., and Yang, Y. J. (2018). An association of urinary sodium-potassium ratio with insulin resistance among Korean adults. Nutrition research and practice, 12(5): 443-448.
49. Pham, P. C. T., Pham, P. M. T., Pham, S. V., Miller, J. M., and Pham, P. T. T. (2007). Hypomagnesemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 2(2): 366-373.
- Pham, P. C., Pham, P. M., and Pham, P. T. (2012). Patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and hypomagnesemia may have enhanced glomerular filtration via hypocalcemia. Clinical nephrology, 78(6): 442-448.
- Pizzorno, J., Frassetto, L. A., and Katzinger, J. (2010). Diet-induced acidosis: is it real and clinically relevant?. British journal of nutrition, 103(8): 1185-1194.
- Rafiu, A. A., and Luka, C. D. (2018). Evaluation of the Antidiabetic Property of Aqueous Extract of Ipomoea batatas Leaf on Hyperglycemia, Hyperlipidemia, Blood Electrolytes, and Enzymatic Antioxidants of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats.
- Remer, T. (2000). Acid‐Base In Renal Failure: influence of diet on acid‐base balance. In Seminars in dialysis, 13(4): 221-226.
- Remer, T. (2001). Influence of nutrition on acid-base balance–metabolic aspects. European journal of nutrition, 40(5): 214-220.
- Remer, T., and Manz, F. (1995). Potential renal acid load of foods and its influence on urine pH. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 95(7): 791-797.
- Seifter, J. L., and Chang, H. Y. (2016). Disorders of acid-base balance: new perspectives. Kidney Diseases, 2(4): 170-186.
- Shad, A. A., Shah, H. U., Bakht, J., Choudhary, M. I., and Ullah, J. (2011). Nutraceutical potential and bioassay of Apium graveolens L. grown in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5(20): 5160-5166.
- Taher, M. E., Ghanadi, A., and Karimian, R. (2007). Effects of volatile oil extracts of Anethum graveolens L. and Apium graveolens L. seeds on activity of liver enzymes in rat.
- Talebi, S., Ghobadi, F., Cacacho, A., Olatunde, O., DeRobertis, A., Pekler, G., ... and Hassen, G. W. (2016). Looking at diabetic ketoacidosis through electrocardiogram window!. The American journal of emergency medicine, 34(2): 263-265.
- Topaloglu, A. K., Yildizdas, D., Yilmaz, H. L., Mungan, N. O., Yuksel, B., and Ozer, G. (2005). Bone calcium changes during diabetic ketoacidosis: a comparison with lactic acidosis due to volume depletion. Bone, 37(1): 122-127.
- Trachtenbarg, D. E. (2005). Diabetic ketoacidosis. Am Fam Physician, 71(9): 1705-1714.
- Vetter, T., and Lohse, M. J. (2002). Magnesium and the parathyroid. Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension, 11(4): 403-410.
- Vilardaga, J. P., and Friedman, P. A. (2018). Molecular Biology of Parathyroid Hormone. In Textbook of Nephro-Endocrinology, 523-537.
- Vinayagam, R., and Xu, B. (2015). Antidiabetic properties of dietary flavonoids: a cellular mechanism review. Nutrition and metabolism, 12(1): 60.
- Wang, S., Hou, X., Liu, Y., Lu, H., Wei, L., Bao, Y., and Jia, W. (2013). Serum electrolyte levels in relation to macrovascular complications in Chinese patients with diabetes mellitus. Cardiovascular diabetology, 12(1): 146.
- Wang, Z. H., Kihl‐Selstam, E., and Eriksson, J. W. (2008). Ketoacidosis occurs in both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes—a population‐based study from Northern Sweden. Diabetic medicine, 25(7): 867-870.
- Zarfeshany, A., Asgary, S., and Javanmard, S. H. (2014). Potent health effects of pomegranate. Advanced biomedical research, 3.