An experiment conducted in pots under field conditions in the fall seasons of 2017 and 2018 at the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, to improve the field emergence in sorghum, in which three factors were studied. 1st factor was the variety (three varieties: Inqath, Rabeh and Buhoth70). 2nd factor was priming treatment (unprimed seed and primed seed soaked for 12 hours in a solution containing 300 + 70 ml L-1 of gibberellic and salicylic acids, respectively). 3rd factor was saline stress (tap water as control (1.26), 6, 9 and 12 dS m-1). RCBD design was used with four replicates. The results showed that Buhoth70 cultivar exceeded the others; also the primed seed exceeded the unprimed seed in the traits of the first and final count of emergence, daily emergence rate, emergence energy, emergence rate index and emergence index in both seasons. The control treatment was superior in the above traits, while the values of these traits decreased as the saline increased, and no emergence accrued at the highest concentration (12 dS m-1) in both seasons. The cultivars varied in their ability to withstand salt stress at the same stress level, and that the seed priming treatment has improved their performance to withstand salt stress compared to the unprimed in both seasons. It can conclude that there is a role for genotype and seed priming in improving seedling performance to tolerate salt stress.

The research aims to detect the seasonal phenomenon of the monthly prices of the cucumber crop in Baghdad City and for the period (January 2010 - December 2015), as well as the determined of the time series of the monthly prices of the cucumber crop follow the additive or multiplicative model. The research concluded that the monthly prices of cucumber crop contain a seasonal composition(seasonal variations), this confirms the nature of the pattern that the cucumber crop has been affected by the season to a large extent. The research concluded that there was a rise in the prices of the cucumber crop during certain months of the year. This is confirmed by the results of the research, which will be reflected in one way or another on lower prices in the months of high sales according to the law of supply and demand. Seasonal time series and autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) models were used. The results showed that the appropriate and efficient model for representing the time series data for the monthly prices of the cucumber crop is the SARIMA double seasonal model (2.1.1) (0.1,1) 12. According to the estimation results of this model, the monthly prices of the cucumber crop were predicted at (60) observations and for the period (January 2016-December 2020). The results were consistent with those in the original time series. The research recommended the necessity of preventing import at peak time and the need to work on the development of laws and legislation to protect the local agricultural products from the importer as well as the imposition of taxes and customs duties on imported products and not to allow entry into Iraq in the peak season of production.

A pot experiment was conducted in the fall season of 2017 in Falluja – Anbar Province to study the effect of poultry manure and water stress on growth and yield of potatoes in gypsiferous (Loam) and sandy soil (Loamy sand). Poultry manure was added to soils in two levels (0 and 2 %) , and irrigation was done after depletion of 40% and 60% of the available water. Traits like plant height, leaf area, root mass and total yield and water use efficiency was measured.Values of plant growth were superior for in gypsiferous soil compared to them in sandy soil where highest value of plant height reached 87 cm and leaf area reached value of 69 cm2 plant-1, while root mass value was superior for plants in sandy soil 13.2 gm plant-1 compared to gypsum soil 9.5 gm plant-1.Poultry manures caused a significant increase of growth traits of potato where plant height increased by 44.44 %, leaf area increased by 28.46% , while root mass decreased by 33% in gypsiferous soil .Growth traits values significantly reduced at irrigation at moisture depletion of 60% compared to the irrigation at 40% depletion . Total yield of potato was 34.010 ton ha-1 in sandy soil and 28.020 ton ha-1 in gypsiferous soil, application poultry manures increased total yield significantly as the increasing percentage reached 20.7% in sandy soil and 30.0% in gypsiferous soil. Total yield values decreased as moisture depletion increased from 40% to 60% with reduction percent of 28.8% in sandy soil and 25.7% in gypsiferous soil. Sandy soil had the best water use efficiency reached 21.950 kg m-3 compared to 21.273 kg m-3 in gypsiferous soil .

AL-Mimouna project is located within the boundaries of Maysan Governorate between the latitude 46 ° 45 '00 "- 47? 00' 00" and Attitude 31 ° 30' 00" - 31 ° 45 '00". The project area is about 54460 hectares2. The research aimed to study the variation in soil characteristics using pedagogical statistics instead of methods (Mean. coefficient of variation. correlation coefficient) and infraclass correlation within Classes the varieties ri using the variance analysis table as well as the study of some spatial evidences such as the Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Salinity Index (SI0) using the Operational Land Imager (OLI) sensor. Seven taxonomic units were selected at the sub-group level and forty-nine field sites were studies. The results indicated the dominance of the physiographic units of. depressions and marshes unit which accounted for more than 80% of the study area the fine texture SiC, SiL, SiCL, Gypsic Haplosalids were characterized by high rates of sand. salinity and ESP at 23.42, 72.62 and 35.09 respectively. Vertic torrifluents were characterized by a low sand rate of as was mentioned before 2.68 and a high clay rate of 42.46. The values of the density were very heterogeneous with high values at a average of 1.47 Gypsum was highest in Gypsic Aqusalids followed by gypsic Haplosalids at 3.67 and 3.57 respectively. The NDVI values were low and ranged from 0.07 to 0.13. with a high correlation and a negative correlation with soil salinity and soil salinity index SI0 and with correlation coefficient -0.375 and -0.379. respectively. The SI salinity index was consistent with increased salinity. calcification and reverse with increased organic matter and NDVI index. The intraclass correlation of ri gypsum and the organic matter were 0.93 each. Followed by the Sodium with a intraclass correlation of 0.92 ri. Followed by salinity, soil pH and cationic exchange capacity and porosity were 0.91, 0.84, 0.79, 0.79 respectively. The properties Calcium Carbonate, Clay and Bulk density, were significantly correlated. With a correlation coefficient of 0.74, 0.73, 0.71 respectively, While the rest were insignificant.

For the purpose of investigating the levels of some heavy contamination metals in muscle, liver and kidney meat for Cattle in Kirkuk governorate in winter and summer seasons, samples were collected randomly from males (aged 16-18 months) from three districts of Kirkuk governorate (Downtown, Daquq and Debs) During the December and February (winter season) and July and August months of (summer season). There was a significant effect (p?0.05) on the factors (meat type, location and season) in the concentration of lead, Kidney meat in the Downtown in the winter season recorded the highest concentration of lead and significant difference (6.678 ppm) The lowest concentration (0.881 ppm) was found in Liver in Winter. The highest concentration level of cadmium in muscle in summer season from Downtown (3.336 ppm), and lowers Concentration of cadmium (2.106 ppm) recorded in kidney from Daquq in summer season. The concentration of zinc in the Liver at the Downtown in the summer season was the highest concentration (140.052 ppm), while the Kidney in the winter season from Downtown recorded the lowest concentration (30.54 ppm). For Copper the liver in the Downtown in the winter season had the highest concentration (24.520 ppm), while the Liver from the Downtown at summer was recorded lowest concentration (2.383 ppm). For Cobalt, in winter season in Kirkuk, the Muscle recorded the highest concentration of cobalt (7.344 ppm), while the lowest concentration was recorded in Kidney the Winter season from Downtown (1.062 ppm). All types of metals recorded levels higher than the internationally accepted limits.

An experiment was achieved in laboratories of college of Agriculture / Anbar University. A sample of clay loam soil with 50% lime content was brought from sefen mountain, Shaqlawa district / Erbil province, to study the effect of lime percentage on soil spectral reflectivity. Different lime percentage were removed from origin soil using 0.1 N HCl to obtain same soil texture with 40%, 29.5%, 24.5%, 20%, 15.8% and 9.4% lime contents. Spectroradiometer was used to measure the reflectance of the soil with different lime levels at 22% soil moisture content. The result showed an increasing of the soil reflectance with increasing of lime content. Also the result showed an absorption band at 2350 nanometer was appeard, which may be attributed to the presence of lime in soil. It was noted that the depth of the band was increasing with increasing lime percentage in the soil. Results also showed that a significiant correlation between lime content and reflectance in the all studied bands, especially with the two near infrared bands (B6 and B9) was found, whereas the correlation coefficient (r) for the two bands were 0.968 and 0.958, respectively. The quantitative relationship between the two variables was also found. The linear, quadratic and cubic models were efficient to forecasting lime content from reflectance data at near infrared band (B6). The determination coefficient (R2) for the three models were 0.93, 0.98 and 0.99, respectively. While the standard error values were 3.8, 4.8 and 2.7, respectively.

The experiment was carried out at two locations, the first in Ramadi - Kaldia (80 km) west of Baghdad, the second at the farm of College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, during the spring season 2017, in order to study the effect of concentrations and application growth stage of ethephon on growth, yield, and its components of sorghum (cv. Buhooth 70). Split plot arrangement was used according to RCBD. The application growth stage 4, 6 and 8 leaf growth stage, occupied the main plots while Ethephon concentrations 0, 500, 1000 and 1500 mg L-1, occupied the sub-plots. Results showed at both seasons, that the high concentration (1500 mg .L-1) gave the lowest plant height, leaf area, number of leaves and grain yield, thus reducing the biological yield 2.302 and 2.515 ton ha-1, for both locations respectively, While the concentrations 1000 and 500 mg.L-1, gave the highest grain yield 3.976 and 3.741 ton ha-1, for both locations respectively, the application times according to growth stages also had a significant effect on number of days to flowering stage and maturation also weight of 500 grains and grain yield. Application at 4 and 6 leaf growth stages gave highest grain yield in both locations 3.464, 3.673 ton ha-1 respectively, also the most traits under study were significantly influenced by the interaction between concentrations and application time, the highest yield 5.127 ton ha-1 in Ramadi location, was obtained from interaction treatment (1000 mg L-1 * 8 leaf growth stage) was while in Baghdad location the interaction treatment (500 mg L-1 * 6 leaf growth stage) gave the highest yield 4.623 ton ha-1

The objective of this study was to obtain the of best method carbonate removal from soil without effect in mineralogical properties. Three soil treatments for soil high content in calcite (Tall Keef region).Were used HCl acid (0.2N), sodium acetate pH (5) treatment and control treatment were conducted compared with control treatment.Results showed Bulk X-ray and XRDclay mineral were that use of HCl acid Caused to removal all carbonate without the effecting in quality and quantity of minerals Comparison with first treatment that it was not great influence. The group of mineral were diagnosed for the three treatments by using the Bulk x-ray showed dominate quartz,calcite,palygorskite,feldspar and kaolinite respectively,while the XRD for clay realated the rule of chlorite, illite,semctite and kaolinite respectively,as for FT-IR appearance group are bands important (1450 )cm-1,which represents carbonate group (dolomite-calcite)and Disappearance with third treatment without second,therefore acetate method is considered inappropriate for measurements which means to remove the carbonate. Meaning that use of HCl acid (0.2), N is optimum method.

For the purpose of investigating the levels of some heavy contamination metals in muscle, liver and kidney meat for Cattle in Kirkuk governorate in winter and summer seasons, samples were collected randomly from males (aged 16-18 months) from three districts of Kirkuk governorate (Downtown, Daquq and Debs) During the December and February (winter season) and July and August months of (summer season). There was a significant effect (p?0.05) on the factors (meat type, location and season) in the concentration of lead, Kidney meat in the Downtown in the winter season recorded the highest concentration of lead and significant difference (6.678 ppm) The lowest concentration (0.881 ppm) was found in Liver in Winter. The highest concentration level of cadmium in muscle in summer season from Downtown (3.336 ppm), and lowers Concentration of cadmium (2.106 ppm) recorded in kidney from Daquq in summer season. The concentration of zinc in the Liver at the Downtown in the summer season was the highest concentration (140.052 ppm), while the Kidney in the winter season from Downtown recorded the lowest concentration (30.54 ppm). For Copper the liver in the Downtown in the winter season had the highest concentration (24.520 ppm), while the Liver from the Downtown at summer was recorded lowest concentration (2.383 ppm). For Cobalt, in winter season in Kirkuk, the Muscle recorded the highest concentration of cobalt (7.344 ppm), while the lowest concentration was recorded in Kidney the Winter season from Downtown (1.062 ppm). All types of metals recorded levels higher than the internationally accepted limits.

The objective of this study was to obtain the of best method carbonate removal from soil without effect in mineralogical properties. Three soil treatments for soil high content in calcite (Tall Keef region).Were used HCl acid (0.2N), sodium acetate pH (5) treatment and control treatment were conducted compared with control treatment.Results showed Bulk X-ray and XRDclay mineral were that use of HCl acid Caused to removal all carbonate without the effecting in quality and quantity of minerals Comparison with first treatment that it was not great influence. The group of mineral were diagnosed for the three treatments by using the Bulk x-ray showed dominate quartz,calcite,palygorskite,feldspar and kaolinite respectively,while the XRD for clay realated the rule of chlorite, illite,semctite and kaolinite respectively,as for FT-IR appearance group are bands important (1450 )cm-1,which represents carbonate group (dolomite-calcite)and Disappearance with third treatment without second,therefore acetate method is considered inappropriate for measurements which means to remove the carbonate. Meaning that use of HCl acid (0.2), N is optimum method.

An experiment was achieved in laboratories of college of Agriculture / Anbar University. A sample of clay loam soil with 50% lime content was brought from sefen mountain, Shaqlawa district / Erbil province, to study the effect of lime percentage on soil spectral reflectivity. Different lime percentage were removed from origin soil using 0.1 N HCl to obtain same soil texture with 40%, 29.5%, 24.5%, 20%, 15.8% and 9.4% lime contents. Spectroradiometer was used to measure the reflectance of the soil with different lime levels at 22% soil moisture content. The result showed an increasing of the soil reflectance with increasing of lime content. Also the result showed an absorption band at 2350 nanometer was appeard, which may be attributed to the presence of lime in soil. It was noted that the depth of the band was increasing with increasing lime percentage in the soil. Results also showed that a significiant correlation between lime content and reflectance in the all studied bands, especially with the two near infrared bands (B6 and B9) was found, whereas the correlation coefficient (r) for the two bands were 0.968 and 0.958, respectively. The quantitative relationship between the two variables was also found. The linear, quadratic and cubic models were efficient to forecasting lime content from reflectance data at near infrared band (B6). The determination coefficient (R2) for the three models were 0.93, 0.98 and 0.99, respectively. While the standard error values were 3.8, 4.8 and 2.7, respectively.

This study was conducted in the olive orchard, in Habbaniyah city, Anbar province 84 km west of Baghdad during 2018 growing seasons to investigate the influence of brassinolide (BRs) and CPPU spray on 2 year's old trees of “Nebali” olive cultivar. This study included two treatments: three levels of spraying of BRs, 0 (BR0), 1mg L-1 (BR1) and 2mg L-1 (BR2) and four levels of spraying of cytokinins (CPPU), 0 (C0), 2.5mg L-1 (C2.5), 5mg L-1 (C5) and 10mg L-1 (C10) and their interaction. Treatments were replicated three times with two transplants in experimental unit at factorial experiment in a RCBD. The number of trees used was 72 trees. The experimental results showed that BRs spray at 2 mg L-1 gave the highest leaves chlorophyll content of 62.69 SPAD units, leaves dry weight of 29.49 %, highest leaf area of 6.80 cm2, leaf nitrogen content of 1.169 %, highest leaf IAA content of 44.49 ?g g-1 FW and highest leaf GA content of 150.24 ?g g-1 FW. Results also showed that CPPU spray at levels 10 mg L-1 superiority of the control treatment and gave the highest leaves chlorophyll content of 62.89 SPAD units, leaves dry weight of 28.92 %, leaf IAA content of 41.82 ?g g-1 FW and highest leaf GA content of 134.00 ?g g-1 FW .The lowest value of these parameters was found in the control (BR0C0)